So you’re about to graduate from college. Congratulations. But now you have to think about finding a job and, sooner than you may prefer, starting to repay your student loans.

It’s especially important to understand your options, experts on student borrowing say, because many aspects of the federal student loan system are in flux.

The system, which has always been challenging to navigate, is only now creaking back into full operation after years of Covid-era pauses on payments and collections. And court challenges to a low-cost repayment option, along with program changes floated by the Trump administration and House Republicans, have created a potentially confusing environment for new graduates.

“They’re graduating into a time of uncertainty around what their repayment options will look like,” said Abby Shafroth, the director of the National Consumer Law Center’s Student Loan Borrower Assistance Project.

One repayment plan, known as SAVE and introduced by President Joseph R. Biden Jr., significantly shrank monthly student loan payments depending on a borrower’s income and household size. But the program is in legal limbo because of a court challenge by two groups of Republican-led states. It’s unavailable now, and may not remain an option.

Three other, less generous “income-driven” repayment plans that link monthly payments to a borrower’s income remain available, but details could change. A measure under review in the House would reduce the various income-linked options to just one.

“Borrowers are getting dropped into a chaotic system that’s changing in real time,” said Winston Berkman-Breen, the legal director at the Student Borrower Protection Center, an advocacy group.

The upshot is that new graduates should keep in mind that the repayment plan they initially choose may look different in the coming months or years, depending on court decisions, government action and the effective date of any changes.

“They should focus on what’s available now and which plan makes the most sense now,” Ms. Shafroth said, “and expect they may have to revisit options later.”